sumber;
http://id.shvoong.com
Showing posts with label pengetahuan umum. Show all posts
Showing posts with label pengetahuan umum. Show all posts
totto-chan
Saturday, January 22, 2011
sumber;
http://id.shvoong.com
mengungkap rahasia "deja vu"
Monday, November 8, 2010
Pernahkah kamu mengalami perasaan pernah melakukan kegiatan yang sama persis sebelumnya? Merasakan sebuah kondisi yang sama perisis sebelumnya? Melihat dan mendengar hal yang sama sebelumnya? Hal ini memang terkadang sangat membingungkan karena pada saat itu pula kita tidak mampu mengingat kapan dan dimana pernah melakukan kegiatan tersebut. Hal tersebut seolah-olah ada dalam mimpi namun kenapa bisa benar-benar terjadi. Inilah misteri yang biasa disebut orang dengan Déjà vu.
Berdasarkan penelitian, 70% manusia di bumi pernah merasakan déjà vu. Jadi, fenomena psikologis tersebut adalah hal yang sangat wajar dan bukan merupakan suatu kutukan atau karma sebagaimana banyak dipercayai orang. Déjà vu berasal dari bahasa Prancis yang artinya "pernah lihat". Maksudnya, mengalami sesuatu pengalaman yang dirasakan pernah dialami sebelumnya. Di Yunani, fenomena ini disebut dengan paramnesia yang merupakan gabungan kata para artinya adalah "sejajar" dan mnimi artinya "ingatan".
Kenapa déjà vu bisa terjadi?
Pertanyaan yang mundul kemudian adalah mengapa déjà vu bisa terjadi? Jangan dulu berpikiran bahwa ini adalah fenomena alam yang tidak mampu dijelaskan secara ilmiah karena para ilmuan telah menemukan jawaban akan fenomena yang ada dalam alam pikiran manusia tersebut. Déjà vu terjadi karena adanya gelombang yang diantarkan ke dalam otak. Gelombang tersebut tercipta setiap tindakan yang dilakukan oleh manusia. Gelombang ini lalu diterjemahkan ke dalam bentuk impuls listrik lalu dikirim ke otak dan dibaca. Tapi ada kalanya otak kita memiliki sensitivitas tinggi sehingga gelombang yang dibaca berupa amplitudo dan frekuensi tertentu tergantung dari kualitas otak kita.
Contoh sederhananya suatu waktu kita dalam hati mendendangkan sebuah lagu. Lalu kita menyalakan radio dan di radio sedang dimainkan lagu yang sedang kita pikirkan tadi. Langsung kita berpikir “déjà vu”. Padahal, ini menunjukkan bahwa gelombang radio yang dikirim oleh stasiun pemancar, selain diterima oleh radio kita, juga dibaca oleh otak kita karena sifat otak kita yang super sensitive dalam menerima gelombang listrik itu tadi.Ada lagi teori lain yang menjelaskan bahwa deja vu terjadi ketika sensasi optik yang diterima oleh sebelah mata sampai ke otak (dan dipersepsikan) lebih dulu daripada sensasi yang sama yang diterima oleh sebelah mata yang lain, sehingga menimbulkan perasaan familiar pada sesuatu yang sebenarnya baru pertama kali dilihat. Teori yang dikenal dengan nama “optical pathway delay” ini dipatahkan ketika pada bulan Desember tahun lalu ditemukan bahwa orang butapun bisa mengalami deja vu melalui indra penciuman, pendengaran, dan perabaannya.
Déjà vu dipengaruhi usia
Ada pula yang beranggapan bahwa déjà vu ini adalah sebuah penyakit dalam ingatan sehingga semakin tua umur seseorang maka akan semakin sering pula terjadi déjà vu. Seorang ilmuwan asal Jepang dan juga merupakan seorang neuroscientist MIT , Susumu Tonegawa, melakukan eksperimen terkait fenomena ini pada tikus dengan membandingkan ingatan pribadi (episodik) dengan ingatan baru yang tercatat dalam dentate gyrus. Ia menemukan bahwa tikus yang dentate gyrus-nya tidak berfungsi normal kemudian mengalami kesulitan dalam membedakan dua situasi yang serupa tapi tak sama. Hal ini, tambahnya, dapat menjelaskan mengapa pengalaman akan deja vu meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia atau munculnya penyakit-penyakit degeneratif seperti Alzheimer. Kehilangan atau rusaknya sel-sel pada dentate gyrus akibat kedua hal tersebut membuat kita sulit menentukan apakah sesuatu ‘baru’ atau ‘lama’.
Macam-macam déjà vu
Déjà vu juga terjadi dalam berbagai bentuk ada yang hanya bisa mengingat secara samara-samar, ada yang hanya mengingat lokasi kejadian, dan ada pula yang mengingat hal-hal yang sangat mendetail. Secara garis besar, déjà vu terdiri dari empat jenis yakni:
1. Déjà Vu
Déjà vu jenis ini yang paling banyak terjadi dimana kita pernah merasakan suatu kondisi yang sama sebelumnya dan yakin pernah terjadi di masa yang lampau dan berulang kali. Sering kali pada saat itu individu akan diikuti oleh perasaan takut, rasa familiar yang kuat, dan merasa aneh.
2. Déjà Vécu
Perasaan yang terjadi pada Deja Vecu lebih kuat daripada déjà vu. Deja vecu seseorang akan merasa pernah berada dalam suatu kondisi sebelumnya dengan ingatan yang lebih detail seperti ingat akan suara ataupun bau.
3. Déjà Senti
Déjà Senti adalah fenomena “pernah merasakan” sesuatu. Suatu ketika kamu pernah merasakan sesuatu dan berkata “Oh iya saya ingat!” atau “Oh iya saya tahu!” namun satu dua menit kemudian sadar bahwa sebenarnya kamu tidak pernah berbicara apa pun.
4. Jamais Vu
Jamais Vu (tidak pernah melihat/mengalami) adalah kebalikan dari déjà vu. Kalau déjà vu mengingat hal-hal yang sebenarnya belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya, Jamais Vu lain lagi. Tipe déjà vu semacam ini justru tiba-tiba kehilangan memorinya dalam mengingat sesuatu hal yang pernah terjadi dalam diri. Hal ini bisa terjadi karena kelelahan otak.
5. Déjà Visité
Déjà vu tipe ini lebih menitikberatkan pada ingatan seseorang akan sebuah tempat yang belum pernah ia datangai sebelumnya tapi merasa pernah merasa berada pada lokasi yang sama. Déjà Visité berkaitan dengan tempat atau geografi..
(dari berbagai sumber) dan www.matabumi.com
Berdasarkan penelitian, 70% manusia di bumi pernah merasakan déjà vu. Jadi, fenomena psikologis tersebut adalah hal yang sangat wajar dan bukan merupakan suatu kutukan atau karma sebagaimana banyak dipercayai orang. Déjà vu berasal dari bahasa Prancis yang artinya "pernah lihat". Maksudnya, mengalami sesuatu pengalaman yang dirasakan pernah dialami sebelumnya. Di Yunani, fenomena ini disebut dengan paramnesia yang merupakan gabungan kata para artinya adalah "sejajar" dan mnimi artinya "ingatan".
Kenapa déjà vu bisa terjadi?
Pertanyaan yang mundul kemudian adalah mengapa déjà vu bisa terjadi? Jangan dulu berpikiran bahwa ini adalah fenomena alam yang tidak mampu dijelaskan secara ilmiah karena para ilmuan telah menemukan jawaban akan fenomena yang ada dalam alam pikiran manusia tersebut. Déjà vu terjadi karena adanya gelombang yang diantarkan ke dalam otak. Gelombang tersebut tercipta setiap tindakan yang dilakukan oleh manusia. Gelombang ini lalu diterjemahkan ke dalam bentuk impuls listrik lalu dikirim ke otak dan dibaca. Tapi ada kalanya otak kita memiliki sensitivitas tinggi sehingga gelombang yang dibaca berupa amplitudo dan frekuensi tertentu tergantung dari kualitas otak kita.
Contoh sederhananya suatu waktu kita dalam hati mendendangkan sebuah lagu. Lalu kita menyalakan radio dan di radio sedang dimainkan lagu yang sedang kita pikirkan tadi. Langsung kita berpikir “déjà vu”. Padahal, ini menunjukkan bahwa gelombang radio yang dikirim oleh stasiun pemancar, selain diterima oleh radio kita, juga dibaca oleh otak kita karena sifat otak kita yang super sensitive dalam menerima gelombang listrik itu tadi.Ada lagi teori lain yang menjelaskan bahwa deja vu terjadi ketika sensasi optik yang diterima oleh sebelah mata sampai ke otak (dan dipersepsikan) lebih dulu daripada sensasi yang sama yang diterima oleh sebelah mata yang lain, sehingga menimbulkan perasaan familiar pada sesuatu yang sebenarnya baru pertama kali dilihat. Teori yang dikenal dengan nama “optical pathway delay” ini dipatahkan ketika pada bulan Desember tahun lalu ditemukan bahwa orang butapun bisa mengalami deja vu melalui indra penciuman, pendengaran, dan perabaannya.
Déjà vu dipengaruhi usia
Ada pula yang beranggapan bahwa déjà vu ini adalah sebuah penyakit dalam ingatan sehingga semakin tua umur seseorang maka akan semakin sering pula terjadi déjà vu. Seorang ilmuwan asal Jepang dan juga merupakan seorang neuroscientist MIT , Susumu Tonegawa, melakukan eksperimen terkait fenomena ini pada tikus dengan membandingkan ingatan pribadi (episodik) dengan ingatan baru yang tercatat dalam dentate gyrus. Ia menemukan bahwa tikus yang dentate gyrus-nya tidak berfungsi normal kemudian mengalami kesulitan dalam membedakan dua situasi yang serupa tapi tak sama. Hal ini, tambahnya, dapat menjelaskan mengapa pengalaman akan deja vu meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia atau munculnya penyakit-penyakit degeneratif seperti Alzheimer. Kehilangan atau rusaknya sel-sel pada dentate gyrus akibat kedua hal tersebut membuat kita sulit menentukan apakah sesuatu ‘baru’ atau ‘lama’.
Macam-macam déjà vu
Déjà vu juga terjadi dalam berbagai bentuk ada yang hanya bisa mengingat secara samara-samar, ada yang hanya mengingat lokasi kejadian, dan ada pula yang mengingat hal-hal yang sangat mendetail. Secara garis besar, déjà vu terdiri dari empat jenis yakni:
1. Déjà Vu
Déjà vu jenis ini yang paling banyak terjadi dimana kita pernah merasakan suatu kondisi yang sama sebelumnya dan yakin pernah terjadi di masa yang lampau dan berulang kali. Sering kali pada saat itu individu akan diikuti oleh perasaan takut, rasa familiar yang kuat, dan merasa aneh.
2. Déjà Vécu
Perasaan yang terjadi pada Deja Vecu lebih kuat daripada déjà vu. Deja vecu seseorang akan merasa pernah berada dalam suatu kondisi sebelumnya dengan ingatan yang lebih detail seperti ingat akan suara ataupun bau.
3. Déjà Senti
Déjà Senti adalah fenomena “pernah merasakan” sesuatu. Suatu ketika kamu pernah merasakan sesuatu dan berkata “Oh iya saya ingat!” atau “Oh iya saya tahu!” namun satu dua menit kemudian sadar bahwa sebenarnya kamu tidak pernah berbicara apa pun.
4. Jamais Vu
Jamais Vu (tidak pernah melihat/mengalami) adalah kebalikan dari déjà vu. Kalau déjà vu mengingat hal-hal yang sebenarnya belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya, Jamais Vu lain lagi. Tipe déjà vu semacam ini justru tiba-tiba kehilangan memorinya dalam mengingat sesuatu hal yang pernah terjadi dalam diri. Hal ini bisa terjadi karena kelelahan otak.
5. Déjà Visité
Déjà vu tipe ini lebih menitikberatkan pada ingatan seseorang akan sebuah tempat yang belum pernah ia datangai sebelumnya tapi merasa pernah merasa berada pada lokasi yang sama. Déjà Visité berkaitan dengan tempat atau geografi..
(dari berbagai sumber) dan www.matabumi.com
Déjà vu (already seen)
Déjà vu(meaning "already seen") is the experience of feeling sure that one has witnessed or experienced a new situation previously (an individual feels as though an event has already happened or has happened in the recent past), although the exact circumstances of the previous encounter are uncertain. The term was coined by a French psychic researcher, Émile Boirac (1851–1917) in his book L'Avenir des sciences psychiques ("The Future of Psychic Sciences"), which expanded upon an essay he wrote while an undergraduate. The experience of déjà vu is usually accompanied by a compelling sense of familiarity, and also a sense of "eeriness," "strangeness," "weirdness," or what Sigmund Freud calls "the uncanny." The "previous" experience is most frequently attributed to a dream, although in some cases there is a firm sense that the experience has genuinely happened in the past.
The experience of déjà vu seems to be quite common among adults and children alike. References to the experience of déjà vu are found in literature of the past.
ndicating it is not a new phenomenon. It has been extremely difficult to evoke the déjà vu experience in laboratory settings, therefore making it a subject of few empirical studies. Certain researchers claim to have found ways to recreate this sensation using hypnosis.
Scientific research
Since the first years, déjà vu has been subject to serious psychological and neurophysiological research. Scientifically speaking, the most likely explanation of déjà vu is not that it is an act of "precognition" or "prophecy," but rather that it is an anomaly of memory, giving the impression that an experience is "being recalled."
This explanation is substantiated by the fact that the sense of "recollection" at the time is strong in most cases, but that the circumstances of the "previous" experience (when, where, and how the earlier experience occurred) are quite uncertain. Likewise, as time passes, subjects can exhibit a strong recollection of having the "unsettling" experience of déjà vu itself, but little or no recollection of the specifics of the event(s) or circumstance(s) they were "remembering" when they had the déjà vu experience. In particular, this may result from an overlap between the neurological systems responsible for short-term memory and those responsible for long-term memory (events which are perceived as being in the past). The events would be stored into memory before the conscious part of the brain even receives the information and processes it.[citation needed]
Another theory being explored is that of vision. The theory suggests that one eye may record what is seen fractionally faster than the other, creating the "strong recollection" sensation upon the "same" scene being viewed milliseconds later by the opposite eye.[4] However, this theory fails to explain the phenomenon when other sensory inputs are involved, such as hearing or touch. If one, for instance, experiences déjà vu of someone slapping the fingers on his left hand, then the déjà vu feeling is certainly not due to his right hand experiencing the same sensation later than his left hand considering that his right hand would never receive the same sensory input. Also, people with only one eye still report experiencing déjà vu or déjà vécu (a rare disorder of memory, similar to persistent déjà vu). The global phenomenon must therefore be narrowed down to the brain itself (i.e., one hemisphere being late compared to the other one).
[edit]Links with disorders
Early researchers tried to establish a link between déjà vu and serious psychopathology such as schizophrenia, anxiety, and dissociative identity disorder, with hopes of finding the experience of some diagnostic value. However, there does not seem to be any special association between déjà vu and schizophrenia or other psychiatric conditions.[3] The strongest pathological association of déjà vu is with temporal lobe epilepsy.[5][6] This correlation has led some researchers to speculate that the experience of déjà vu is possibly a neurological anomaly related to improper electrical discharge in the brain. As most people suffer a mild (i.e. non-pathological) epileptic episode regularly (e.g. a hypnagogic jerk, the sudden "jolt" that frequently, but not always, occurs just prior to falling asleep), it is conjectured that a similar (mild) neurological aberration occurs in the experience of déjà vu, resulting in an erroneous sensation of memory. For someone who regularly has such seizures, there is typically a feeling of déjà vu associated with whatever sensations (particularly sounds) may be occurring nearby.[citation needed]
Pharmacology
It has been reported that certain drugs increase the chances of déjà vu occurring in the user. Some pharmaceutical drugs, when taken together, have also been implicated in the cause of déjà vu. Taiminen and Jääskeläinen (2001)[7] reported the case of an otherwise healthy male who started experiencing intense and recurrent sensations of déjà vu upon taking the drugs amantadine and phenylpropanolamine together to relieve flu symptoms. He found the experience so interesting that he completed the full course of his treatment and reported it to the psychologists to write up as a case study. Due to the dopaminergic action of the drugs and previous findings from electrode stimulation of the brain (e.g. Bancaud, Brunet-Bourgin, Chauvel, & Halgren, 1994.[8]) Taiminen and Jääskeläinen speculate that déjà vu occurs as a result of hyperdopaminergic action in the mesial temporal areas of the brain. Many scientists[which?] are still working towards the actual link of déjà vu with hypnagogic epilepsy.
Memory-based explanations
The similarity between a déjà-vu-eliciting stimulus and an existing, but different, memory trace may lead to the sensation.[3][9] Thus, encountering something which evokes the implicit associations of an experience or sensation that cannot be remembered may lead to déjà vu. In an effort to experimentally reproduce the sensation, Banister and Zangwill (1941)[10][11] used hypnosis to give participants posthypnotic amnesia for material they had already seen. When this was later re-encountered, the restricted activation caused thereafter by the posthypnotic amnesia resulted in three of the 10 participants reporting what the authors termed "paramnesias." Memory-based explanations may lead to the development of a number of non-invasive experimental methods by which a long sought-after analogue of déjà vu can be reliably produced that would allow it to be tested under well-controlled experimental conditions. Cleary[9] suggests that déjà vu may be a form of familiarity-based recognition (recognition that is based on a feeling of familiarity with a situation) and that laboratory methods of probing familiarity-based recognition hold promise for probing déjà vu in laboratory settings. Another possible explanation for the phenomenon of déjà vu is the occurrence of "cryptamnesia", which is where information learned is forgotten but nevertheless stored in the brain, and similar occurrences invoke the contained knowledge, leading to a feeling of familiarity because of the situation, event or emotional/vocal content, known as "déjà vu".
[edit]Related phenomena
Jamais vu
Main article: Jamais vu
Jamais vu (from French, meaning "never seen") is a term in psychology which is used to describe any familiar situation which is not recognized by the observer.
Often described as the opposite of déjà vu, jamais vu involves a sense of eeriness and the observer's impression of seeing the situation for the first time, despite rationally knowing that he or she has been in the situation before.
Jamais vu is more commonly explained as when a person momentarily does not recognize a word, person, or place that they already know.
Jamais vu is sometimes associated with certain types of amnesia and epilepsy.
Theoretically, as seen below, a jamais vu feeling in a sufferer of a delirious disorder or intoxication could result in a delirious explanation of it, such as in the Capgras delusion, in which the patient takes a person known by him/her for a false double or impostor. If the impostor is himself, the clinical setting would be the same as the one described as depersonalisation, hence jamais vus of oneself or of the very "reality of reality", are termed depersonalisation (or surreality) feelings.
Times Online reports:
Chris Moulin, of the University of Leeds, asked 95 volunteers to write out "door" 30 times in 60 seconds. At the International Conference on Memory in Sydney last week he reported that 68 percent of the volunteers showed symptoms of jamais vu, such as beginning to doubt that "door" was a real word. Dr. Moulin believes that a similar brain fatigue underlies a phenomenon observed in some schizophrenia patients: that a familiar person has been replaced by an impostor. Dr. Moulin suggests they could be suffering from chronic jamais vu.[12]
[edit]Presque vu (Tip of Tongue)
Main article: Tip of the tongue
Déjà vu is similar to, but distinct from, the phenomenon called tip of the tongue which is when one cannot recall a familiar word or name or situation, but with effort one eventually recalls the elusive memory. In contrast, déjà vu is a feeling that the present situation has occurred before, but the details are elusive because the situation never happened before.
Presque vu (from French, meaning "almost seen") is the sensation of being on the brink of an epiphany. Often very disorienting and distracting, presque vu rarely leads to an actual breakthrough. Frequently, one experiencing presque vu will say that they have something "on the tip of my tongue".
copied by wikipedia
The experience of déjà vu seems to be quite common among adults and children alike. References to the experience of déjà vu are found in literature of the past.
ndicating it is not a new phenomenon. It has been extremely difficult to evoke the déjà vu experience in laboratory settings, therefore making it a subject of few empirical studies. Certain researchers claim to have found ways to recreate this sensation using hypnosis.
Scientific research
Since the first years, déjà vu has been subject to serious psychological and neurophysiological research. Scientifically speaking, the most likely explanation of déjà vu is not that it is an act of "precognition" or "prophecy," but rather that it is an anomaly of memory, giving the impression that an experience is "being recalled."
This explanation is substantiated by the fact that the sense of "recollection" at the time is strong in most cases, but that the circumstances of the "previous" experience (when, where, and how the earlier experience occurred) are quite uncertain. Likewise, as time passes, subjects can exhibit a strong recollection of having the "unsettling" experience of déjà vu itself, but little or no recollection of the specifics of the event(s) or circumstance(s) they were "remembering" when they had the déjà vu experience. In particular, this may result from an overlap between the neurological systems responsible for short-term memory and those responsible for long-term memory (events which are perceived as being in the past). The events would be stored into memory before the conscious part of the brain even receives the information and processes it.[citation needed]
Another theory being explored is that of vision. The theory suggests that one eye may record what is seen fractionally faster than the other, creating the "strong recollection" sensation upon the "same" scene being viewed milliseconds later by the opposite eye.[4] However, this theory fails to explain the phenomenon when other sensory inputs are involved, such as hearing or touch. If one, for instance, experiences déjà vu of someone slapping the fingers on his left hand, then the déjà vu feeling is certainly not due to his right hand experiencing the same sensation later than his left hand considering that his right hand would never receive the same sensory input. Also, people with only one eye still report experiencing déjà vu or déjà vécu (a rare disorder of memory, similar to persistent déjà vu). The global phenomenon must therefore be narrowed down to the brain itself (i.e., one hemisphere being late compared to the other one).
[edit]Links with disorders
Early researchers tried to establish a link between déjà vu and serious psychopathology such as schizophrenia, anxiety, and dissociative identity disorder, with hopes of finding the experience of some diagnostic value. However, there does not seem to be any special association between déjà vu and schizophrenia or other psychiatric conditions.[3] The strongest pathological association of déjà vu is with temporal lobe epilepsy.[5][6] This correlation has led some researchers to speculate that the experience of déjà vu is possibly a neurological anomaly related to improper electrical discharge in the brain. As most people suffer a mild (i.e. non-pathological) epileptic episode regularly (e.g. a hypnagogic jerk, the sudden "jolt" that frequently, but not always, occurs just prior to falling asleep), it is conjectured that a similar (mild) neurological aberration occurs in the experience of déjà vu, resulting in an erroneous sensation of memory. For someone who regularly has such seizures, there is typically a feeling of déjà vu associated with whatever sensations (particularly sounds) may be occurring nearby.[citation needed]
Pharmacology
It has been reported that certain drugs increase the chances of déjà vu occurring in the user. Some pharmaceutical drugs, when taken together, have also been implicated in the cause of déjà vu. Taiminen and Jääskeläinen (2001)[7] reported the case of an otherwise healthy male who started experiencing intense and recurrent sensations of déjà vu upon taking the drugs amantadine and phenylpropanolamine together to relieve flu symptoms. He found the experience so interesting that he completed the full course of his treatment and reported it to the psychologists to write up as a case study. Due to the dopaminergic action of the drugs and previous findings from electrode stimulation of the brain (e.g. Bancaud, Brunet-Bourgin, Chauvel, & Halgren, 1994.[8]) Taiminen and Jääskeläinen speculate that déjà vu occurs as a result of hyperdopaminergic action in the mesial temporal areas of the brain. Many scientists[which?] are still working towards the actual link of déjà vu with hypnagogic epilepsy.
Memory-based explanations
The similarity between a déjà-vu-eliciting stimulus and an existing, but different, memory trace may lead to the sensation.[3][9] Thus, encountering something which evokes the implicit associations of an experience or sensation that cannot be remembered may lead to déjà vu. In an effort to experimentally reproduce the sensation, Banister and Zangwill (1941)[10][11] used hypnosis to give participants posthypnotic amnesia for material they had already seen. When this was later re-encountered, the restricted activation caused thereafter by the posthypnotic amnesia resulted in three of the 10 participants reporting what the authors termed "paramnesias." Memory-based explanations may lead to the development of a number of non-invasive experimental methods by which a long sought-after analogue of déjà vu can be reliably produced that would allow it to be tested under well-controlled experimental conditions. Cleary[9] suggests that déjà vu may be a form of familiarity-based recognition (recognition that is based on a feeling of familiarity with a situation) and that laboratory methods of probing familiarity-based recognition hold promise for probing déjà vu in laboratory settings. Another possible explanation for the phenomenon of déjà vu is the occurrence of "cryptamnesia", which is where information learned is forgotten but nevertheless stored in the brain, and similar occurrences invoke the contained knowledge, leading to a feeling of familiarity because of the situation, event or emotional/vocal content, known as "déjà vu".
[edit]Related phenomena
Jamais vu
Main article: Jamais vu
Jamais vu (from French, meaning "never seen") is a term in psychology which is used to describe any familiar situation which is not recognized by the observer.
Often described as the opposite of déjà vu, jamais vu involves a sense of eeriness and the observer's impression of seeing the situation for the first time, despite rationally knowing that he or she has been in the situation before.
Jamais vu is more commonly explained as when a person momentarily does not recognize a word, person, or place that they already know.
Jamais vu is sometimes associated with certain types of amnesia and epilepsy.
Theoretically, as seen below, a jamais vu feeling in a sufferer of a delirious disorder or intoxication could result in a delirious explanation of it, such as in the Capgras delusion, in which the patient takes a person known by him/her for a false double or impostor. If the impostor is himself, the clinical setting would be the same as the one described as depersonalisation, hence jamais vus of oneself or of the very "reality of reality", are termed depersonalisation (or surreality) feelings.
Times Online reports:
Chris Moulin, of the University of Leeds, asked 95 volunteers to write out "door" 30 times in 60 seconds. At the International Conference on Memory in Sydney last week he reported that 68 percent of the volunteers showed symptoms of jamais vu, such as beginning to doubt that "door" was a real word. Dr. Moulin believes that a similar brain fatigue underlies a phenomenon observed in some schizophrenia patients: that a familiar person has been replaced by an impostor. Dr. Moulin suggests they could be suffering from chronic jamais vu.[12]
[edit]Presque vu (Tip of Tongue)
Main article: Tip of the tongue
Déjà vu is similar to, but distinct from, the phenomenon called tip of the tongue which is when one cannot recall a familiar word or name or situation, but with effort one eventually recalls the elusive memory. In contrast, déjà vu is a feeling that the present situation has occurred before, but the details are elusive because the situation never happened before.
Presque vu (from French, meaning "almost seen") is the sensation of being on the brink of an epiphany. Often very disorienting and distracting, presque vu rarely leads to an actual breakthrough. Frequently, one experiencing presque vu will say that they have something "on the tip of my tongue".
copied by wikipedia
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